CAVE Data Info &
Validation Results |
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Radiation Transfer
'on-line' models |
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The image below locates the 84 surface sites where surface observations are made available for comparison
to CERES SYN-1Degree surface data product. White diamonds are defined as 'land' (includes islands) and blue
diamonds are instruments mounted on buoys.
Data
CAVE surface observations consist of radiometric, meteorological,
and aerosol observations taken at a number of sites around the globe.
Data are generously made available through a number of organizations and should these data be used
for publications those organizations should be acknowledged (see 'Referencing CAVE data'.)
The original time resolution of most surface observations is 1 minute. Data available here are
averaged to a minimum of 1 hour for comparisons with the CERES SYN-1Degree data products. The files may
contain the following variables:
Surface Irradiance Observations* with Matching SYN-1Deg Calculations
- Shortwave Irradiance Down (Unshaded Global)
- Shortwave Irradiance Down (Total: Direct + Diffuse)
- Shortwave Direct Normal Down
- Shortwave Diffuse Down
- Shortwave Irradiance Up
- Longwave Irradiance Down
- Longwave Irradiance Up
Surface Meteorological Observations* with Matching SYN-1Deg Variables
- Aerosol Optical Depth at 500nm
- Cloud Fraction (%)
Surface Meteorological Observations* without Matching SYN-1Deg Variables
- Cosine Solar Zenith Angle
- Surface Air Temperature (oK)
- Surface Pressure (hPa)
- Surface Wind Speed (m/s)
- Surface Wind Direction (Degrees)
- Surface Relative Humidity (%)
- Precipitable Water
(*Variables are listed for all surface sites to keep files uniform. Many surface sites
do not include all of the above variables.)
Temporal averaging methodology
First: One minute data is averaged to 15 minutes.
- Irradiance requires a minimum of 7 observations to create a 15 minute value.
- SW fluxes where cos(SZA) < -0.06 are set to 0.0.
- Meteorological (and aerosol) variables require only 1 observation for a 15min value.
Second: Data gaps filled using interpolation of 15 minute average data.
- Gaps must be less than 4 hours.
- Different fluxes are interpolated differently.
- LW Down: linear fit
- LW Up: linear fit to flux**0.25
- SW Flux: linear fit to transmission
- Meteorology: linear fit
- Cloud fraction & Aerosol Optical Depths are not interpolated.
Hourly, 3-Hourly, Daily Averages & Monthly Mean
- All averages are to the middle of a respective time period.
eg. Average for hour 0 is an average +/-30 minutes of 0:30.
- 1 and 3 hour averages calculated from 15 minute data.
- Daily average calculated using hourly averaged data.
- Monthly/hourly diurnal cycle calculated from hour data record.
- Monthly mean calculated from monthly/hourly diurnal cycle.
- Files contain the number of values that go into each average.
- For the monthly mean, the percentage of hours used in creating
the monthly mean diurnal cycle is given as the measure for the
quality of the monthly average.
- For example, given 744 hours in 31 days, if 3 days are missing
the measure given for the monthly mean is:
(744 - 72)
---------- * 100 = 90.3
744
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Available Sites
Current surface observation files available for comparison to SYN-1Deg are listed from North to South latitude in the following table. Each site is accorded a 3-letter identifier following
the BSRN list where possible. More data and sites are available from the original data sources than are given here.
| 3-Letter ID | Long Name | Location | Lat/Lon |
| ALE(1) | Alert, Canada | Polar, NE Canada | 82.49, 297.58 |
| NYA(1) | Ny Alesund, Norway | Polar, Island/Coast | 78.93, 11.93 |
| HMB(10) | Humboldt Glacier, Greenland | Polar, Greenland Glacier | 78.53, 303.17 |
| TIK(1) | Tiksi, Russia | Polar, Tundra | 71.59, 128.92 |
| GRS(9) | Greenland Summit, Greenland | Polar, Greenland Glacier | 72.57, 321.52 |
| NSA(2) | Barrow, AK | Polar, Alaska, US | 71.32, 203.39 |
| BAR(1) | Barrow, AK | Polar, Alaska, US | 71.32, 203.39 |
| SDL(10) | Saddle Glacier, Greenland | Polar, Greenland Glacier | 66.00, 315.50 |
| TOR(1) | Toravere, Estonia | Rural, Grassland | 58.25, 26.46 |
| LIN(1) | Lindenberg, Germany | Rural, Cropland | 52.21, 14.12 |
| CAB(1) | Cabau, Netherlands | Northern Europe | 51.97, 4.93 |
| REG(1) | Regina, Canada | Rural, Cropland | 50.21, 255.29 |
| FPK(3) | Fort Peck, MT | Rural, Grassland | 48.31, 254.90 |
| PAY(1) | Payerne, Switzerland | Hilly, Cropland | 46.82, 6.94 |
| CAR(1) | Carpentras, France | Central Europe | 44.08, 5.06 |
| SXF(3) | Sioux Falls, SD | Rural, Cropland | 43.73, 263.38 |
| SAP(1) | Sapporo, Japan | Urban | 43.06, 141.33 |
| CNR(1) | CENER, Spain | Pamplona, Spain | 42.82, 358.40 |
| PSU(3) | Penn State, PA | Rural, Hilly | 40.72, 282.07 |
| BOS(3) | Boulder, CO (Table Mountain) | Rural, Mountains | 40.13, 254.76 |
| BOU(1) | Boulder Tower, Colorado, USA | High Plains, Central US | 40.05, 254.99 |
| BON(3) | Bondville, IL | Rural, Cropland | 40.05, 271.63 |
| XIA(1) | Xiang, China | Desert, Rural | 39.75, 116.96 |
| E09(2) | Ashton, Kansas, USA | Great Plains, Central US | 37.13, 262.73 |
| CLH(1) | Chesapeake Lighthouse, Virginia, USA | Ocean, East Coast US | 36.90, 284.29 |
| E11(2) | Byron, Oklahoma, USA | Great Plains, Central US | 36.88, 261.72 |
| E12(2) | Pawhuska, Oklahoma, USA | Great Plains, Central US | 36.84, 263.57 |
| DRA(3) | Desert Rock, NV | Desert, Hilly | 36.63, 243.98 |
| BEF(2) | ARM/SGP Central Facility (Best Est. Flux) | Great Plains, Central US | 36.61, 262.52 |
| C01(2) | ARM/SGP Central Facility C01 | Great Plains, Central US | 36.61, 262.52 |
| E13(2) | ARM/SGP Central Facility Lamont, OK | Great Plains, Central US | 36.61, 262.52 |
| E15(2) | Ringwood, Oklahoma, USA | Great Plains, Central US | 36.43, 261.72 |
| TAT(1) | Tateno, Japan | Urban | 36.05, 140.13 |
| E20(2) | Meeker, Oklahoma, USA | Great Plains, Central US | 35.56, 263.01 |
| GCR(3) | Goodwin Creek, MS | Rural, Cropland | 34.25, 270.13 |
| FUA(1) | Fukuoka, Japan | Urban Landscape | 33.58, 130.38 |
| BER(1) | Bermuda | N Atlantic Ocean, Island | 32.30, 295.23 |
| SBO(1) | Sede Boqer, Israel | Desert, Hilly | 30.86, 34.78 |
| IZA(1) | Izana, Tenerife Island Spain | Mountain Top, E Atlantic | 28.31, 343.50 |
| SOV(1) | Saudi Solar Village | Desert | 24.91, 46.41 |
| ISH(1) | Ishigakijima, Japan | Rural Japan | 24.34, 124.16 |
| MNM(1) | Minamitorishima, Japan | Island, West Pacific | 24.29, 153.98 |
| TAM(1) | Tamanrasset, Algeria | Desert, Hilly | 22.79, 5.53 |
| KWA(1) | Kwajalein Island | Island Atoll, Tropical Pacific | 8.72, 167.73 |
| NAU(2) | Nauru Island | Tropical West Pacific | -0.52, 166.92 |
| MAN(2) | Manus Island | Tropical West Pacific | -2.06, 147.43 |
| PTR(1) | Petrolina, Brazil | Rural | -9.07, 319.68 |
| COC(1) | Cocos Island | Tropical Indian Ocean | -12.19, 96.83 |
| DWN(1) | Darwin, Australia | Tropical West Pacific | -12.42, 130.89 |
| DAR(2) | Darwin, Australia | Tropical West Pacific | -12.43, 130.89 |
| SAM(8) | Samoa, US | Island, Tropical Pacific | -14.25, 189.44 |
| ASP(1) | Alice Springs, Australia | Desert, Central Australia | -23.80, 133.89 |
| SMS(1) | Sao Martinho da Serra, Brazil | Rural | -29.44, 306.18 |
| DAA(1) | De Aar, South Africa | Grassland, S Africa | -30.67, 24.00 |
| LAU(1) | Lauder, New Zealand | Rural, Cropland | -45.05, 169.69 |
| SYO(1) | Syowa, Antarctica | Antarctic Coast | -69.00, 39.59 |
| GVN(1) | Georg von Neumayer, Antarctica | Antarctic Coast | -70.65, 351.75 |
| DOM(1) | Dome C, Antarctica | Antarctic Plateau | -75.10, 123.38 |
| SPO(1) | South Pole, Antarctica | Antarctic Plateau | -89.99, 0.00 |
| Ocean Buoy Sites | Long Name | Location | Lat/Lon |
| HTS(4) | Hawaii Time Series Buoy | Tropical Pacific | 22.77, 202.10 |
| NTS(4) | NTAS Buoy | N Tropical Alantic | 14.50, 309.00 |
| STR(4) | Stratus Buoy | Stratus Region, SE Pacific | -20.20, 274.80 |
| PBC(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical N Atlantic | 14.99, 321.99 |
| PBD(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical N Atlantic | 11.50, 321.98 |
| PBJ(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical Atlantic | 0.00, 325.00 |
| PBK(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical Atlantic | 0.00, 337.00 |
| PBL(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical Atlantic | 0.02, 350.10 |
| PBM(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical Atlantic | 0.01, 0.02 |
| PBP(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical S Atlantic | -6.02, 350.00 |
| PBS(5) | PIRATA Buoy | Tropical S Atlantic | -9.94, 350.02 |
| TBA(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | 8.00, 165.09 |
| TBD(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | 5.03, 165.01 |
| TBF(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | 2.00, 164.99 |
| TBI(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | 0.02, 165.07 |
| TBJ(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | -0.03, 189.94 |
| TBK(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | 0.02, 220.07 |
| TBL(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | -0.17, 235.62 |
| TBM(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | 0.00, 250.01 |
| TBQ(6) | TAO Buoy | Tropical Pacific | -5.00, 165.18 |
| RBA(7) | RAMA Buoy | Tropical Indian Ocean | 15.00, 90.00 |
| RBC(7) | RAMA Buoy | Tropical Indian Ocean | 8.02, 89.00 |
| RBF(7) | RAMA Buoy | Tropical Indian Ocean | 0.06, 80.57 |
| RBG(7) | RAMA Buoy | Tropical Indian Ocean | 0.04, 89.84 |
| RBK(7) | RAMA Buoy | Tropical Indian Ocean | -8.00, 80.47 |
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